Vis kilden til Rolling stock/Supplementary information and regulations/Appendix/Description of simulation model

==Description of simulation model==
===General===
The modelled system consists of one rotary converter (synchronous-synchronous converter)
rated at 6.2/5.8 MVA. The converter consists of a three-phase synchronous motor, which is
mechanically connected (via the shaft) to a single-phase synchronous generator. Grid
frequency is 50 Hz, and the traction power system frequency is 16 2/3 Hz. The model includes a
transformer between the grid (66 kV) and the three-phase side of the converter (6.3 kV), and a
transformer between the single-phase side of the converter (4 kV) and the overhead catenary
system (16 kV).

The grid model (66 kV, 50 Hz) is assumed to represent a typical grid in this context.
In the modeling only power frequency components of voltages and currents in the AC network
are considered. Harmonics are neglected. Hence, the validity of this model is limited to the
fundamental frequency components of voltages and currents. The electrical state in the AC
system is then assumed to be sinusoidal. As a consequence, the AC voltages and currents are
described by phasors, defined by their magnitude and phase angle. The phasors of the ac
quantities will vary in time for transient conditions.

The data used in the modeling and simulations of the synchronous machines (of the rotary
converter), are partly based on information received from Bane NOR, Oslo, Norway, and partly based on measurements made by SINTEF Energy
Research, Trondheim, Norway, and experiences from previous similar work.

For the voltage regulator for the (1-phase) synchronous generator and the three-phase
synchronous motor, respectively, no detailed data have been available for the present study.
For these components standard models (in SIMPOW®) and typical data have been chosen.
Data for transformers and lines are received from Bane NOR.

===Simulator===
The power system simulation and analysis software SIMPOW®, originally developed by ABB
Power Systems, Sweden, has been used for the simulations. (Release 10.2 revision 061 for
Windows NT).

For further details see http://www.stri.se/simpow

'''Single-line diagram'''

Figure 1 shows a single-line diagram of the model used in the simulations.

[[Fil:Description of simulation model-Fig1App8c.PNG|thumb|center|500px|Figure 1: Single-line diagram of model]]

For further details about the model, see text.

'''Synchronous generator model and data'''

The synchronous generator is modelled with one field winding, one damper winding in d-axis
and one damper winding in the q-axis. Magnetic saturation is included in the model (SIMPOW
Type 2A).
Input data for the synchronous generator model are given in Table 1.

<figtable id = "tab:tabell-1">
{| class="wikitable" 
|+<caption>Data for the synchronous generator used in the modelling</caption>
! colspan = "2" | Ratings and parameters !! Symbol !! Value
|-
| Rated power (MVA) || || S<sub>n</sub> || 5,8
|-
| Rated voltage (kV) ||  || U<sub>n</sub> || 4,0
|-
|rowspan=2 | Synchronous reactance (pu) || d-axis || X<sub>d</sub> || 1,4
|-
| q-axis || X<sub>q</sub> || 0,68
|- 
|rowspan=2 | Transient reactance (pu) || d-axis || X<sub>d</sub>’ || 0,25
|-
| q-axis || X<sub>q</sub>’ || 
|- 
|rowspan=2 | Transient time constant <br>(”open circuit”) (s) || d-axis || T<sub>d0</sub>’ || 5,0
|-
| q-axis || T<sub>q0</sub>’ || 
|- 
| Stator leakage reactance (pu) || || X<sub>1</sub> || 0,11
|-
| Stator resistance (pu) || || R<sub>a</sub> || 0,0091
|-
| Normalised inertia constant (Ws/VA) ||  || H || 1,3754
|-
| Damping coefficient (pu) || || D || 1,9
|}
</figtable>

For further details regarding input data for this machine model, please contact the Norwegian
National Rail Administration, Oslo.


'''Synchronous motor model and data'''

The synchronous motor is modelled with one field winding, one damper winding in d-axis and one damper winding in the q-axis. Magnetic saturation is included in the model (SIMPOW Type 2A).
Input data for the synchronous motor model are given in Table 2.

<figtable id = "tab:tabell-1">
{| class="wikitable" 
|+<caption>Data for the synchronous motor used in the modelling</caption>
! colspan = "2" | Ratings and parameters !! Symbol !! Value
|-
| Rated power (MVA) || || S<sub>n</sub> || 6,2
|-
| Rated voltage (kV) ||  || U<sub>n</sub> || 6,3
|-
|rowspan=2 | Synchronous reactance (pu) || d-axis || X<sub>d</sub> || 1,26
|-
| q-axis || X<sub>q</sub> || 0,56
|- 
|rowspan=2 | Transient reactance (pu) || d-axis || X<sub>d</sub>’ || 0,29
|-
| q-axis || X<sub>q</sub>’ || 
|- 
|rowspan=2 | Transient time constant <br>(”open circuit”) (s) || d-axis || T<sub>d0</sub>’ || 8,0
|-
| q-axis || T<sub>q0</sub>’ || 
|- 
| Stator leakage reactance (pu) || || X<sub>1</sub> || 0,11
|-
| Stator resistance (pu) || || R<sub>a</sub> || 0,0011
|-
| Normalised inertia constant (Ws/VA) ||  || H || 1,224
|-
| Damping coefficient (pu) || || D || 1,9
|}
</figtable>

For further details regarding input data for this machine model, please contact the Norwegian
National Rail Administration, Oslo.


'''Synchronous generator exciter model'''

The exciter model used for the synchronous generator is made by SINTEF Energy Research.
The model is named TYPE = DSL/IEEN/.
For further details regarding this model, please contact the Norwegian National Rail
Administration, Oslo.


'''Synchronous motor exciter model'''

The exciter model used for the synchronous motor is a standard model in SIMPOW®. The
model is named TYPE = 1.
For further details regarding input data for this model, please see SIMPOW manual, or contact
the Norwegian National Rail Administration, Oslo.



'''Three-phase transformer (50 Hz) for synchronous motor'''

<figtable id = "tab:tabell-1">
{| class="wikitable" 
|+<caption>Transformer data (50 Hz) for synchronous motor</caption>
|-
| width="200"| Primary node ||width="50"|C66 ||  width="50"|  ||  width="50"|  ||width="50"| ||width="50"| 
|-
| Secondary node||CM1||	||	||	||
|-
| Nominal power [MVA] || 4.4 ||   ||   ||	||
|-
| Primary voltage [kV] || 66 ||  ||   || || 
|- 
| Secondary voltage [kV] || 6.3 ||  ||  ||	||
|-
| Short-circuit resistance [pu] || 0,0054 || ||	||	||
|- 
| Short-circuit reactance [pu] || 0,079 ||  ||  ||	||
|-
</figtable>


'''Single-phase transformer (16 2/3 Hz) '''

<figtable id = "tab:tabell-1">
{| class="wikitable" 
|+<caption>Transformer data (16 2/3 Hz) for generator</caption>
|-
| width="200"| Primary node ||width="50"|C1 ||  width="50"|  ||  width="50"|  ||width="50"| ||width="50"| 
|-
| Secondary node||C16||	||	||	||
|-
| Nominal power [MVA] || 4 ||   ||   ||	||
|-
| Primary voltage [kV] || 4 ||  ||   || || 
|- 
| Secondary voltage [kV] || 16.6 ||  ||  ||	||
|-
| Short-circuit resistance [pu] || 0,0129 || ||	||	||
|- 
| Short-circuit reactance [pu] || 0,031 ||  ||  ||	||
|-
</figtable>


'''Line data  (50 Hz) '''

<figtable id = "tab:tabell-1">
{| class="wikitable" 
|+<caption>Line data  (50 Hz)</caption>
|-
| width="200"| From node ||width="50"|LONS66 ||  width="50"|KAAS1  ||  width="50"|KAAS2 
|-
| To node||KAAS1||KAAS2	||C66	
|-
| Nominal voltage [kV] || 66 ||66   ||66 
|-
| Length [km] || 20,9 ||0,055  ||0,219  
|- 
| Resistance [&#937;/km] || 0,151 ||0,078  ||0,123 
|-
| Reactance [&#937;/km] || 0,386 ||0,170  ||0,178 
|-
</figtable>



'''Line data  (16 2/3 Hz) '''

<figtable id = "tab:tabell-1">
{| class="wikitable" 
|+<caption>Line data  (16 2/3 Hz)</caption>
|-
| width="200"| From node ||width="50"|C16 ||  width="50"| ||  width="50"|
|-
| To node||LAST||	||	
|-
| Nominal voltage [kV] || 16,5 || || 
|-
| Length [km] || 60 || || 
|- 
| Resistance [&#937;/km] || 0,18 || || 
|-
| Reactance [&#937;/km] || 0,19 || || 
|-
</figtable>