Rolling stock/Supplementary information and regulations/Appendix/Description of simulation model
Description of simulation model
General
The modelled system consists of one rotary converter (synchronous-synchronous converter) rated at 6.2/5.8 MVA. The converter consists of a three-phase synchronous motor, which is mechanically connected (via the shaft) to a single-phase synchronous generator. Grid frequency is 50 Hz, and the traction power system frequency is 16 2/3 Hz. The model includes a transformer between the grid (66 kV) and the three-phase side of the converter (6.3 kV), and a transformer between the single-phase side of the converter (4 kV) and the overhead catenary system (16 kV).
The grid model (66 kV, 50 Hz) is assumed to represent a typical grid in this context. In the modeling only power frequency components of voltages and currents in the AC network are considered. Harmonics are neglected. Hence, the validity of this model is limited to the fundamental frequency components of voltages and currents. The electrical state in the AC system is then assumed to be sinusoidal. As a consequence, the AC voltages and currents are described by phasors, defined by their magnitude and phase angle. The phasors of the ac quantities will vary in time for transient conditions.
The data used in the modeling and simulations of the synchronous machines (of the rotary converter), are partly based on information received from Bane NOR, Oslo, Norway, and partly based on measurements made by SINTEF Energy Research, Trondheim, Norway, and experiences from previous similar work.
For the voltage regulator for the (1-phase) synchronous generator and the three-phase synchronous motor, respectively, no detailed data have been available for the present study. For these components standard models (in SIMPOW®) and typical data have been chosen. Data for transformers and lines are received from Bane NOR.
Simulator
The power system simulation and analysis software SIMPOW®, originally developed by ABB Power Systems, Sweden, has been used for the simulations. (Release 10.2 revision 061 for Windows NT).
For further details see http://www.stri.se/simpow
Single-line diagram
Figure 1 shows a single-line diagram of the model used in the simulations.
For further details about the model, see text.
Synchronous generator model and data
The synchronous generator is modelled with one field winding, one damper winding in d-axis and one damper winding in the q-axis. Magnetic saturation is included in the model (SIMPOW Type 2A). Input data for the synchronous generator model are given in Table 1.
<figtable id = "tab:tabell-1">
| Ratings and parameters | Symbol | Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rated power (MVA) | Sn | 5,8 | |
| Rated voltage (kV) | Un | 4,0 | |
| Synchronous reactance (pu) | d-axis | Xd | 1,4 |
| q-axis | Xq | 0,68 | |
| Transient reactance (pu) | d-axis | Xd’ | 0,25 |
| q-axis | Xq’ | ||
| Transient time constant (”open circuit”) (s) |
d-axis | Td0’ | 5,0 |
| q-axis | Tq0’ | ||
| Stator leakage reactance (pu) | X1 | 0,11 | |
| Stator resistance (pu) | Ra | 0,0091 | |
| Normalised inertia constant (Ws/VA) | H | 1,3754 | |
| Damping coefficient (pu) | D | 1,9 | |
</figtable>
For further details regarding input data for this machine model, please contact the Norwegian National Rail Administration, Oslo.
Synchronous motor model and data
The synchronous motor is modelled with one field winding, one damper winding in d-axis and one damper winding in the q-axis. Magnetic saturation is included in the model (SIMPOW Type 2A). Input data for the synchronous motor model are given in Table 2.
<figtable id = "tab:tabell-1">
| Ratings and parameters | Symbol | Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rated power (MVA) | Sn | 6,2 | |
| Rated voltage (kV) | Un | 6,3 | |
| Synchronous reactance (pu) | d-axis | Xd | 1,26 |
| q-axis | Xq | 0,56 | |
| Transient reactance (pu) | d-axis | Xd’ | 0,29 |
| q-axis | Xq’ | ||
| Transient time constant (”open circuit”) (s) |
d-axis | Td0’ | 8,0 |
| q-axis | Tq0’ | ||
| Stator leakage reactance (pu) | X1 | 0,11 | |
| Stator resistance (pu) | Ra | 0,0011 | |
| Normalised inertia constant (Ws/VA) | H | 1,224 | |
| Damping coefficient (pu) | D | 1,9 | |
</figtable>
For further details regarding input data for this machine model, please contact the Norwegian National Rail Administration, Oslo.
Synchronous generator exciter model
The exciter model used for the synchronous generator is made by SINTEF Energy Research. The model is named TYPE = DSL/IEEN/. For further details regarding this model, please contact the Norwegian National Rail Administration, Oslo.
Synchronous motor exciter model
The exciter model used for the synchronous motor is a standard model in SIMPOW®. The model is named TYPE = 1. For further details regarding input data for this model, please see SIMPOW manual, or contact the Norwegian National Rail Administration, Oslo.
Three-phase transformer (50 Hz) for synchronous motor
<figtable id = "tab:tabell-1">
</figtable> Single-phase transformer (16 2/3 Hz) <figtable id = "tab:tabell-1">| Primary node | C66 | ||||
| Secondary node | CM1 | ||||
| Nominal power [MVA] | 4.4 | ||||
| Primary voltage [kV] | 66 | ||||
| Secondary voltage [kV] | 6.3 | ||||
| Short-circuit resistance [pu] | 0,0054 | ||||
| Short-circuit reactance [pu] | 0,079 |
| Primary node | C1 | ||||
| Secondary node | C16 | ||||
| Nominal power [MVA] | 4 | ||||
| Primary voltage [kV] | 4 | ||||
| Secondary voltage [kV] | 16.6 | ||||
| Short-circuit resistance [pu] | 0,0129 | ||||
| Short-circuit reactance [pu] | 0,031 |
| From node | LONS66 | KAAS1 | KAAS2 |
| To node | KAAS1 | KAAS2 | C66 |
| Nominal voltage [kV] | 66 | 66 | 66 |
| Length [km] | 20,9 | 0,055 | 0,219 |
| Resistance [Ω/km] | 0,151 | 0,078 | 0,123 |
| Reactance [Ω/km] | 0,386 | 0,170 | 0,178 |
| From node | C16 | ||
| To node | LAST | ||
| Nominal voltage [kV] | 16,5 | ||
| Length [km] | 60 | ||
| Resistance [Ω/km] | 0,18 | ||
| Reactance [Ω/km] | 0,19 |
